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Extreme poverty
Extreme poverty, or absolute poverty, was originally defined by the United Nations in 1995 as "a condition characterized by severe deprivation of basic human needs, including food, safe drinking water, sanitation facilities, health, shelter, education and information. It depends not only on income but also on access to services."〔United Nations. ("Report of the World Summit for Social Development" ), March 6–12, 1995.〕 Currently, extreme poverty widely refers to earning below the international poverty line of $1.25/day (in 2005 prices), set by the World Bank. This measure is the equivalent to earning $1.00 a day in 1996 US prices, hence the widely used expression, living on "less than a dollar a day."〔Martin Ravallion, Shaohua Chen & Prem Sangraula (May 2008) (PDF), Dollar a Day Revisited (Report). Washington DC: The World Bank. Retrieved 10 June 2013.〕 The vast majority of those in extreme poverty – 96% – reside in South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, The West Indies, East Asia and the Pacific; nearly half live in India and China alone.〔("Getting to Zero: USAID Discussion Paper" ), November 21st, 2013.〕
The reduction of extreme poverty and hunger was the first Millennium Development Goal (MDG1), as set by 189 United Nations Member States in 2000. Specifically, MDG1 set a target of reducing the extreme poverty rate in half by 2015, a goal that was met 5 years ahead of schedule. With the expiration of the MDGs fast approaching, the international community, including the UN, the World Bank and the US, has set a target of ending extreme poverty by 2030.
==Defining extreme poverty==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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